Portal:Organized Labour

Introduction

The labour movement is the collective organisation of working people to further their shared political and economic interests. It consists of the trade union or labour union movement, as well as political parties of labour. It can be considered an instance of class conflict.

In trade unions, workers campaign for higher wages, better working conditions and fair treatment from their employers, and through the implementation of labour laws, from their governments. They do this through collective bargaining, sectoral bargaining, and when needed, strike action. In some countries, co-determination gives representatives of workers seats on the board of directors of their employers.

Political parties representing the interests of workers campaign for labour rights, social security and the welfare state. They are usually called a labour party (in English-speaking countries), a social democratic party (in Germanic and Slavic countries), a socialist party (in Romance countries), or sometimes a workers' party.
Though historically less prominent, the cooperative movement campaigns to replace capitalist ownership of the economy with worker cooperatives, consumer cooperatives, and other types of cooperative ownership. This is related to the concept of economic democracy.

The labour movement developed as a response to capitalism and the Industrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, at about the same time as socialism. The early goals of the movement were the right to unionise, the right to vote, democracy, safe working conditions and the 40-hour week. As these were achieved in many of the advanced economies of Western Europe and North America in the early decades of the 20th century, the labour movement expanded to issues of welfare and social insurance, wealth distribution and income distribution, public services like health care and education, social housing and in some cases common ownership. (Full article...)

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The eight-hour day movement (also known as the 40-hour week movement or the short-time movement) was a social movement that appeared in various countries to regulate the length of a working day. The goal was preventing excesses and abuses of working time.

The modern movement originated in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories transformed working life. At that time, the working day could range from 10 to 16 hours, the work week was typically six days, and child labour was common. Since the 19th century, the eight-hour workday has been gradually adopted in various countries and industries, with widespread adoption occurring in the first half of the 20th century. (Full article...)

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August in Labor History

Significant dates in labour history.

August 01 - The Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977 began in Romania; the 1942–44 musicians' strike began in the U.S.; Mary Harris "Mother" Jones was born; the United Firefighters Union of Australia was founded
August 02 - Robert Zieger was born; the Contrat nouvelle embauche entered into force in France in 2005
August 03 - The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization strike began in the U.S.
August 04 - Joseph Paul-Boncour was born; the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers was formed
August 05 - The Lupeni Strike of 1929 occurred in Romania; the National Labor Board was created; Devan Nair was born
August 06 - Jackie Presser was born
August 07 - Frank Fitzsimmons was born
August 08 - David McDonald died; the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America was formed; Arthur Goldberg was born
August 09 - The California School Employees Association was founded; Raymond McKay died; Harry Davenport died; Thomas E. Scanlon died; the 1981 Major League Baseball strike ended in the U.S. and Canada; John Willcock was born
August 10 - The U.S. Steel recognition strike of 1901 began; Iorwith Wilbur Abel died; Dorothy Jacobs Bellanca was born
August 11 - The International Longshore and Warehouse Union was founded; Iorwith Wilbur Abel was born; Rose Schneiderman died; Edwin D. Hill was born
August 12 - The Buffalo switchmen's strike of 1892 began; the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike began in the U.S. and Canada; the National War Labor Board was abolished in 1919; the Chorus Equity Association was founded; the Unión General de Trabajadores was founded
August 13 - Carlos Ortega escaped from prison in Venezuela and disappeared
August 14 - Solidarity struck for the first time; Joseph Curran died; Lane Kirkland died; Selig Perlman died; N. M. Perera died
August 15 - The 1890 Australian maritime dispute began; Herbert Hill died; lockout of the Canadian Media Guild began in 2005 in Canada; Anna Walentynowicz was born
August 16 - George Meany was born; Dorothy Jacobs Bellanca died
August 18 - The 1989 Australian pilots' strike began; the American Federation of Government Employees was founded; Alberto Hurtado died
August 19 - The Maritime Trades Department of the AFL–CIO was founded; Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association launched a strike against Northwest Airlines
August 22 - The United Farm Workers was founded; the Association of Flight Attendants was founded
August 23 - The Gurindji strike began in 1966 in Australia; the Salad Bowl strike began in the U.S.
August 24 - Ray Stevenson died
August 25 - The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters was founded; the Battle of Blair Mountain began in 1921 in the U.S.; the 2006 Progressive Enterprises dispute began in New Zealand; the Buffalo switchmen's strike ended in the U.S.; Charles Millard was born; Miron Cozma was born
August 26 - The Dublin Lock-out began in 1913
August 27 - Juan Lechín Oquendo died
August 28 - The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom occurred; the film Matewan was released; the Central Única dos Trabalhadores was founded
August 29 - The British police strikes in 1918 and 1919 began; the U.S. Supreme Court ruled picketing is not a breach of the peace in Cox v. Louisiana; Emmanuel Christopher Loblack was born
August 31 - The Gdańsk Agreement was signed, ending the first wave of strikes by Solidarity

Jan•Feb•Mar•Apr•May•Jun•Jul•Aug•Sep•Oct•Nov•Dec

More Did you know (auto-generated)

... that during World War I the organ of evacuated Polish railway workers in Moscow denounced the trade unions of the Warsaw–Vienna railway as "separatists"?
... that the execution of Burkinabé trade union leader Soumane Touré was prevented by the intervention of his childhood friend, then-president Thomas Sankara?
... that John P. Morris won a strike by hiding pigeons in fur coats?
... that Scottish bricklayer Brian Higgins was unable to find work for 25 years after appearing on a construction-industry blacklist?
... that Guyanese trade unionist Philomena Sahoye-Shury was nicknamed "Fireball" due to her "outspoken and forthright stance on the workers' behalf"?
... that labor lawyer Dick Moss argued the 1975 case which resulted in the establishment of free agency in Major League Baseball?

Related Portals

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Image 1Striking workers march moments before the Swedish military opened fire, killing five workers during the Ådalen shootings.
Image 2John L. Lewis (right, President of the United Mine Workers, confers with Thomas Kennedy (left), UMW Secretary-Treasurer of the UMW, and a UMW official at the War Labor Board in 1943 about a coal miners' strike.
Image 3Strike sign used by the German Train Drivers' Union in the German national rail strike of 2007.
Image 4Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
Image 5Barges set ablaze by steelworkers during the Homestead strike in 1892.
Image 6Union members picketing recent NLRB rulings outside the agency's Washington, D.C., headquarters in November 2007.
Image 7Registered nurses on strike in 2006 outside Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital.
Image 8Memorial marker for the Bay View Tragedy.
Image 9Richard Trumka.
Image 10Samuel Gompers, President of the American Federation of Labor, and his wife, circa 1908.
Image 11Members of the United Steelworkers in Ohio phone bank other union members to educate them about critical issues in the 2008 election in the U.S.
Image 12Samuel Gompers.
Image 13Former headquarters of the United Mine Workers of America and the Congress of Industrial Organizations, 900 15th Street NW, Washington, D.C., in 200.
Image 14Strike leaders at the Paterson silk strike of 1913. From left, Patrick Quinlan, Carlo Tresca, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Adolph Lessig, and Bill Haywood.
Image 15Wilma B. Liebman, chair, NLRB.
Image 16Union elections with an illegal firing, 1951 to 2007.
Image 17Camp put up by striking Pepsi-Cola workers, in Guatemala City, Guatemala, 2008.
Image 18Rally in Dhaka, organized by Jatiyo Nari Shramik Trade Union Kendra (National Women Workers Trade Union Centre), an organization affiliated with the Bangladesh Trade Union Kendra.
Image 19Crowd gathered outside old City Hall during the Winnipeg general strike, June 21, 1919.
Image 20American Federation of Teachers (AFT) president Albert Shanker.
Image 21The Ludlow massacre monument located in Ludlow, Colorado, United States.
Image 22The Western Federation of Miners' famous flyer entitled "Is Colorado in America?".
Image 23J. Warren Madden, the first Chair of the National Labor Relations Board.
Image 24United Mine Workers of America poster circa 1902.
Image 25The Place de la Sorbonne in Paris is closed by police during the 2006 labour protests in France.
Image 26May Day Rally in Mumbai, India, 2004.
Image 27Striking I.W.W. members confront Massachusetts National Guard troops in Boston, during the Lawrence textile strike in 1912.
Image 28AFL–CIO unions protest outside Verizon headquarters in Philadelphia using a giant inflatable rat.
Image 29Shields used by striking workers at the Carnegie Steel Works during the Homestead Strike in 1892.
Image 30Breaker boys, child laborers, working in a U.S. coal mine in 1911.
Image 31During World War II, a female aircraft worker checks electrical assemblies at the Vega Aircraft Corporation in Burbank, California.
Image 32Armed vigilantes deport striking copper miners during the Bisbee Deportation in Bisbee, Arizona, July 12, 1917.
Image 33Exaggerated 19th century engraving showing flames and smoke following the Haymarket riot.
Image 34Public and Commercial Services Union members on strike in Manchester 2006.
Image 35National Federation of Federal Employees officials sign a collective bargaining agreement with the U.S. 8th Army in October 2002.
Image 36Detail of monument to the Reesor Siding Strike of 1963.
Image 37The front page of the Union Record on the Seattle General Strike of 1919.
Image 38Lewis Hine's 1920 image "Power house mechanic working on steam pump," which shows a working class young American man with wrench in hand, hunched over, surrounded by the machinery that defines his work.
Image 39Protesters barricade the street on June 22 during the 2006 Oaxaca protests.
Image 40Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York) notice of subway closure during the 2005 New York City transit strike.
Image 41Big Bill Haywood, a founding member and leader of the Industrial Workers of the World.
Image 42A. Philip Randolph.
Image 43An AFL–CIO protest of Rite Aid, with Rev. Mark Reisinger (Pastor of Grace United Methodist Church in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania), Bill George, and Richard Bloomingdale.
Image 44Picket signs at the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike.
Image 45Empty Gare du Nord train station during the November 2007 strikes in France.
Image 46Joe Hill.
Image 47Mary Harris "Mother" Jones.
Image 48Cripple Creek, Colo., under martial law, during the 1894 strike.
Image 49Striking American Railway Union members confront Illinois National Guard troops in Chicago, Illinois, during the Pullman Strike in 1894.
Image 50Union members march in Argentina on Human Rights Day in December 2005. The signs read "Worker rights are human rights..

Selected Quote

Ten thousand times has the labor movement stumbled and bruised itself. We have been enjoined by the courts, assaulted by thugs, charged by the militia, traduced by the press, frowned upon in public opinion, and deceived by politicians. But notwithstanding all this and all these, labor is today the most vital and potential power this planet has ever known, and its historic mission is as certain of ultimate realization as is the setting of the sun."

— Eugene V. Debs.

Did you know

...that the Alliance for Retired Americans was instrumental in enacting Medicare?
...that the Alliance for Retired Americans was instrumental in enacting Medicare?
... that trade unionist Lt-col. David Watts Morgan CBE DSO MP JP was known by the miners he represented as "Dai Alphabet"?

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